Carbureted water gas apparatus for the use of heavy oil



June 13, 1933. J, A, PERRY 1,913,682

GARBURETED WATER GAS APPARATUS FOR THE USE OF HEAVY OIL Filed NOV. 20, 1929 Patented June `13, 1933 UNITED vSTATES JOSEPH A. PERRY, 0F SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLvANIA, ASsIeNoR To TIIE UNITED eAsl IMPROVEMENT oo1vIPANY,NoF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AycoRPoRATIoN OF PENNSYLVANIA.

`eARBURE'ITm WATER GAS APPARATUS PoR TIIE `USE 0E HEAVY oIL `Appaestumma Npvember 20,1929. serial No. 408,453.

y The present inventionrelates reted water gas. i

"The objectof the inventionis to provide improvements in` the"manufacturef`of carbureted water gas when" utilizing carbureting oils which produce relatively large quantities `of colre on vaporization-` These oils will be hereinafter referred to as high coke' oils. "Such" oils, if vaporized7 accordf ing to `theiusual carburetedwater gas prac tice, in a checker filled carbureter, `deposit sufficient carbon to clog the checker brick in a short time. The frequentcleaning necessary is expensive and reduces, if not cancels,` the economy that might be attained by the use of these relatively cheap oils.`

It has been proposed to spraylsuch oils on the top ofthe water gas generator fuel bed during the water` gas-run and vaporize them there bythe heat vstored in the top of the to carbufuel bed andthe sensibleheat of the water gas. `Howeverj the watergas operating cycles `are of short duration and it is difficult to vaporize suflicient "oil Ion theltop ofthe fuel bed during the run to carburet the gas tothe required calorific power for town distribution. i .l

` 'lo increase the `quantity of oilso vapor` i7`ed7 it `has been proposed to heat an annular .ring of fuel `at theouter margin.` of the fuel bed top by introducing secondary air at that location during the usual air blasting opera` tion,` and to spray the high coke oil onto this heated ring during the steam run. l This method is eicaciousfin `increasingthe quantity of oil vaporized during the run, but it Y has an unfavorable effect upon generator fuel economy.

HAccording to the present invention, VI

"spray the high coke oil onto the top of the providing a refractory pier, extending upward within the fuel bed to its top or to within close proximity to itstop.

During the air blasting operation, the pier stores heat,`which it continues to radiate to the fuel bed during the water gas run, a

portion of this heat is radiated directly to the fuel inthe top ofthe fuelbed and is available during the steam run for the increased vaporization of theoil. The pier also heats the uprun water gas rising through the fuel bed near it, which increased sensible heat is available for oil vaporisation.

The pier also serves to heat the to'p of the fuel bedito a greater degree during the'air blasting operation, as it secures a more uni-` form distribution of the resultant hot air blast gases through the top of the `fuel bed, and brings them in contact with more fuel. This increased extent of contact is of importance as'the time of contact with the fuel is short. The increased `contact lresults in an increased storageof heat in the top of the fuel bed, during the air blast, which is available for increased oil vaporization during the steamrun. .i

If the pieris arranged to project above the top of the fuel bed, radiant heat from the pier aids in vaporizing the finely divided oilmfalling through the space above `the fuel bed. In such case, I prefer to spray the oil substantially clear of the pier,` to prevent the rapid growth of a `carbon accumulation on it.

. The invention will be more particularly described in `connection with the attached drawing, which shows a partial elevation and partial vertical cross section `of a carbureted `water gas apparatus.

Referring to the drawing,

3 a superheater and 4- a wash box.

PATENT OFFICE i The generator 1 l lis provided `with the ignited fuel bed 5 containing coal or coke, and with the refractory pier `6 arranged therein and extending upwardly through it from the grate ..7 The generator is further provided with theair blast supply'` means `8 and the steam supply means 9 for upwardly air `blasting' and steaming the fuel bed. The generator may be providedwith the steam supply means 10 for down steaming the fuel bed, but I prefer to introduce the down steam to the superheater as at 11. The generator is provided with the supply means l2 arranged for spraying the high coke onto the valve 14 to the wash boX et., The con-Y nection 15 leads from the generator to the carbureter and serves for the passage of the air blast gases and uprun water gas. 16 is a supply of secondary air to the carbureter. The carbureter 2 is provided with checker brick, diagrammatically indicated at 17, and is connected with the superheater by connection 18. The superheater is provided with the checker brick 19 and with the stack valve 20. The superheater is further provided with the gas offtake 21 provided with valve 22 and leading to the wash boxe. 23 is the gas offtake from the wash box to a place of storage or other disposal, not shown.

A method of operation will now be described. rIhe ignited vfuel bed isrblasted with air supplied through 8, and the resultant blast gases burned in the carbureter and superheater with air supplied through 16. The burned gases pass to atmosphere through the stack valve 20. When suliicient heat has been stored in the fuel bed, including its top, and in the carbureter and superheater, the air blast is terminated. Valt/*e 20 is closed and with valve 22 open and valve 14: closed, an uprun is made with steam supplied to the base of the fuel bed through 9. c

At the same time, high carbon oil is sprayed onto the top of the fuel bed through supply means 12. The oil is vaporized by the heat stored in the top of the fuel bed during the air blast, the radiant kheat from he pier and walls of the generator and the sensible heat in the uprun water gas passing through the top of the .fuel bed. The residues from the oil remain in the fuel bed, and the oil vapors pass with the water gas through the carbureter and superheater, where they are fixed and thence through the wash box where tar is condensed, and to a place of storage.

I prefer to follow the uprun by ay steam down run, made by introducing steam to the superheater at 11, superheating it by passing it through the superheater and carbureter and passing it thence downward through the fuel bed in the generator. The superheated steam returns heat to the top of the fuel bed from the superheater and carbureter and aids in drying out and completing the coking of the oil residues on the top of the fuel bed. The resultant vapors pass with the steam through the fuel bed and are cracked there on to gas which passes out of the generator through connection 13 with the water gas resulting from the reaction of the steam and the fuel. The carbon released by the cracking of the oil vapors in part reacts with the down run steam and in part remains in the fuel bed for later utilization. The coke resulting from the oil vaporization on the top of the fuel bed descends with the fuel for subsequent utilization in the lower levels of the fuel bed. During the steam down run above described, valves 20 an 22 are closed and valve 14 is open.

At the conclusion of the steam down run, the above cycle may be repeated.

In the attached drawing, I have shown a single generator, single carbureter and single superheater, as such construction is present standard water gas practice. I may, however, desire to employ two generators in parallel, connected to a carbureter and superheater which are connected in series or to use such generators in other combinations.

The method of operation above described is capable of variations which will readily occur to those skilled in the art.

Y I claim:

A three shell set for the manufacture of carbureted water gas which includes a water gas generator adapted to contain an ignited fuel bed, a refractory pier within the fuel bed spaced from the outer boundary thereof andv extending to a point adjacent the top of the fuel bed and adapted to store heat when the fuel bed is air blasted, means for air blasting the fuel bed, means for passing steam into the fuel bed and passing the resulting water gas through the fuel bed, means adjacent said pier for spraying high coke oil onto the top of the fuel bed, a carbureter containing refractory material and forming a separate vessel from said generator, a superheater containing refractory material and forming a separate vessel from said generator and from said carbureter,gas conduit connections between said generator and said carbureter and said superheater, and means for leading off gas from the top'of said superheater and from the bottom of said generator.

JOSEPH PERRY 

